Microstructural Changes within the Basal Ganglia Differ between Parkinson Disease Subtypes

Microstructural Changes within the Basal Ganglia Differ between Parkinson Disease Subtypes

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the substantia nigra has shown promise in detecting and quantifying neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD). It remains unknown, however, whether differences in microstructural changes within the basal ganglia underlie PD motor subtypes. We investigated microstructural changes within the basal ganglia of mild to moderately affected PD patients using DTI and...

Patterns of bidirectional communication between cortex and basal ganglia during movement in patients with Parkinson disease.

Cortico-basal ganglia networks are considered to comprise several parallel and mostly segregated loops, where segregation is achieved in space through topographic connectivity. Recently, it has been suggested that functional segregation may also be achieved in the frequency domain, by selective coupling of related activities at different frequencies. So far, however, any coupling across frequen...

From symphony to cacophony: pathophysiology of the human basal ganglia in Parkinson disease.

Despite remarkable advances, the relationship between abnormal neuronal activity and the clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD) remains unclear. Numerous hypotheses have emerged to explain the relationship between neuronal activity and symptoms such as tremor, rigidity and akinesia. Among these are the antagonist balance hypothesis wherein increased firing rates in the indirect pathw...

fahr disease: idiopathic basal ganglia calcification

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Emergent basal ganglia pathology within computational models.